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A gaffer in the motion picture industry and on a television crew is the head electrician, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. The term gaffer originally related to the moving of overhead equipment to control lighting levels using a gaff. The term has been used for the chief electrician in films since 1936 according to the Oxford English Dictionary.〔Oxford English Dictionary accessed 15 May 2009〕 However, a book on motion picture production from 1929 refers to the chief electrician as the Gaffer.〔Mary Eunice McCarthy, The Hands of Hollywood, , 1929: 61.〕 The gaffer's assistant is the best boy. Sometimes the Gaffer is credited as Chief Lighting Technician (CLT). The Gaffer is responsible for managing lighting, including associated resources such as labour, lighting instruments and electrical equipment under the direction of the Director of Photography (the DP or DOP) or, in television, the Lighting Director (LD). The DP/LD is responsible for the overall lighting design, but delegates the implementation of the design to the Gaffer and the Key Grip. The Key Grip is the head grip, in charge of the labour and non-electrical equipment used to support and modify the lighting. Grip equipment includes stands, flags and gobos. The Gaffer will usually have an assistant called a best boy and, depending on the size of the job, crew members who are called "electricians", although not all of them are trained as electricians in the usual sense of the term. Gaffer tape is but one of the many types of tape that a gaffer, key grip, or any other member film crew uses in a variety of situations. Other types of tape include paper tape, pressure-sensitive tape (also known as snot tape), electrical tape, J-LAR, and cloth tape. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gaffer (filmmaking)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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